regoverning

strong focus on the local congregation

puritan like

Europe more like the national model whereas US was more congregationalist

Anglican without state sponsoring

Puritans-

Maylflower 1620

Saw themselves as the city on the hill

Connected themselves to the Exodus (New Israel)

First Great Awakening-

• Whitefield (preacher)
• Edwards (Theologian
• Patriotism, turning back to God results in an ethos of America being a Christian nation
• George Whitfield
  • One of the first celebrities!
• Jonathan Edwards- gave theological backing to the awakening
  • strong theology of conversion
  • focus on individual relationship to God
  • American version of Christian faith
  • personal, emotional, etc.

• Roger Williams
  • we're not God's chosen people! Israel is!
  • We can't do whatever we want to the natives!

• Separation of Church and State
  • Civil religion and distinct faith communities
  • a faith usual fills a vacuum in a culture

2nd Great Awakening

• Much about reclaiming America for God
• related to fear of new immigrants
• many Baptist and Methodist churches
• these groups begin to outnumber the traditional congregationalist churches
• Still have an Edwardsian Calvinist transformation motif

Evangelicalism

• at this time toted the personal and social elements together
• Evangelicalism- a renewal movement in a reformed denomination

Charles Finney-

• You can get right with Christ tonight!
• Evangelist
• Was a trial lawyer
• strongly against slavery
• Individualized Faith-
• one's own personal choice

Whites and Slavery-

• Presbyterian, Baptists, and Methodists split over slavery
• One of the tensions the South had, if we evangelize slaves they are equal, and how do we uphold the institution of slavery?

Early Pentecostal Movement

Fundamentalists vs. Liberals

• Took place after the civil war.
  
• Darwinism was a primary reason for this split.
  
• Evangelicals began to move away from academic institutions.
• Fundamentalists emphasized sin, conversion, and God's sovereignty
• Liberals began to focus more on social justice.
• Fundamentalists began to teach that the world was going to get worse until the end of the world. Pre-millenialism and Dispensationalism weaved itself into Fundamentalism.
  • focused on salvation from sin in the individual sense.
    
• Walter Rauschenbusch
  • taught a social gospel
  • did not emphasize sin and salvation in the way that many Evangelicals were comfortable with.
  • dealt with the poor conditions in urban environments
• D.L. Moddy
  • focused on individual salvation from individual sin.
    
  • taught that we are: ruined by sin, redeemed by Christ, regenerated by the Holy Spirit.

Fundamentalism

• A reaction against liberalism, socialism in Europe, and the perceived secularization of society.
  
• Premillenial - things will get worse before they get better.
• Connected to the Christian Zionist movement
  

Fundamentalism and Politics

• Got involved in politics in the 50s out of concern over communism and its concomitant "godlessness"
• Concerned about secular humanism.
• Support the state of Israel because of their theology.

Several institutions developed as an Evangelical third way

• neither aligning with the Fundamentalists or Liberals.
• theologically conservative, but not separatist - engaged in society.
• Representative Institutions: Fuller Theological Seminary, Billy Graham, Christianity Today magazine.

Black Churches after the Civil War

• Services consist of prayer, sermon, testimony, call and response
• Emphasis on God's mercy

Black Churches Today

• seven different AA denominations contemporarily
• MLK
• Social Gospel
• birthed Civil Rights movements (CRM birthed in the churches)
• MLK influenced by Tolstoy and Ghandi
• James Cone (AME Pastor) Black Theology 1970

4 types of African American Faith Communities

• not a major political tie
• messianic communities
• more cultic
• missed the third one. anyone get it?

AA influence on American faith is actually huge!

• AA experience preceeded the Pentecostal movement
• It is consistent with Africa expressions of faith
• An Africanization of the faith
  

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